In 2005 microdermabrasion was one of the top 5 aesthetic procedures performed in the United States. There were almost 150,000 microdermabrasion procedures performed, which is an increase of 26% from 2003. It was developed in Italy in 1985 and introduced to American markets in the mid 1990's.
Precursors to Microdermabrasion
The concept of abrading the skin, or removing the upper layers, for skin rejuvenation dates back as far as 1500 BC, when Egyptian physicians used a type of sandpaper to smooth scars.
More recently, in the early 1900's in Germany, Kromayer used rotating wheels and rasps to remove the upper layers of the skin. Because these instruments were human-powered, they were wieldy to use and therefore not used very often.
In the mid 1950's motorized wire brushes replaced their human-powered predecessors and the use of dermabrasion became more commonplace. There were many problems with dermabrasion, including:
- Pain - the procedure had to be performed with anesthesia
- Long downtime - the top layers of the skin had to heal back in and this took weeks
- Scarring - even though dermabrasion was used to treat scarring, it often caused scars to develop
- Wound care - Taking care of the denuded skin was a lengthy and difficult process
- Infection - The risk of infection with abraded skin was high
- Danger to practitioner - The abraded skin particles were aerosolized exposing the practitioner and staff to possible infection
Modern Microdermabrasion
In a response to the risks of dermabrasion, the first microdermabrasion machine was developed in 1985 in Italy by Drs Mattioli and Brutto. This first machine was a "closed-loop" system, meaning the skin that was abraded was returned to a "dirty" container in the machine instead of being aerosolized. Microdermabrasion machines were introduced in America by Mattioli Engineering in the mid-late 1990's, and the production of microdermabrasion machines has exploded.
Explosion of Microdermabrasion Machines
Currently there are over 100 different microdermabrasion machines on the market. There are no manufacturing performance standards that have been specified for these machines. The FDA has classified microdermabrasion as a Class 1 medical device which has the following implications:
- Machines can be sold without any demonstration of clinical efficacy.
- Machines can be operated without medical supervision.
References
Blome, Dexter. "Microdermabrasion." Procedures for Primary Care. Ed. J.L. Pfenninger and G. Fowler. Missouri: Mosby, 2003. 349-50.
Zani, Alexandra. "Exfoliation and Peels." Advanced Professional Skin Care, Medical Edition. Ed. Peter T. Pugliese, MD. Pennsylvania: The Topical Agent, LLC, 2005. 329-30.
The American Academy of Dermatologic Surgery. "2005 Procedure Survey - Dermasurgery Trends and Statistics" 2005. http://www.asds-net.org/Media/Articles/ASDS2005StatsReport.pdf
